Sankara Eye Foundation India ®
WHAT IS THE EYE?
Which part of your body lets you read your favorite book, check out a rainbow, and see a football heading your way? Which part lets you cry when you’re sad and makes tear to protect itself? Which part has muscles that adjust to let you focus on thing that are close up or far away? If you guessed the eye, you’re right!
Your eyes are at work from the moment you wake up to the moment you close them to go to sleep. They take in tons of information about the world around you-shapes, colors, movements, and more. Then they send the information to your brain for processing so the brain knows what’s going on outside of your body.
You can see that the eye is pretty amazing. So come on, let’s take a tour of its many parts.
PARTS OF THE EYE
Cornea is the round, transparent dome that acts as the outer window of the eye. It is the structure that focuses the light that enters the eye.
Iris is The coloured part of the eye is known as iris. The iris lies between the cornea and the crystalline lens. The color is due to the presence of a pigment. The basic iris colors are blue, green and brown. Majority of human beings have varying shades of these colours. It is composed of connective tissues and smooth muscle fibres. The composition of the iris enables it to dilate or contract the pupil, which in turn controls the amount of light that falls on the retina.
Lens is that part of the human eye that is located immediately behind the iris. Its role is to focus the light and move towards the retina.
Retina is the innermost layer of the eye. It consists of nerve tissue that senses the light entering the eye. Its function is to send impulses through the optic nerve back to the brain, where it gets translated into the images that we see. Sclera is the whitish, opaque part of the eye, which is connected to the cornea. Its role is to provide protection and meet the purpose of attachment for the extraocular muscles that enables eye to move.
Every day we see things with our eyes. We see the sky, trees, cats, birds and the faces of our friends, but how do we see all that? How do our eyes work?
Now, this is how our eyes work and let us see things:
Light enters our eye through pupil. The cornea, at the front of our eye, bends the light. The light passes through the lens to the retina. It then focuses on the retina, like a little picture of whatever we are looking at, but it is upside down! Nerve cells in the retina send that image to our brain. The brain has the ability to interpret that the image is upside down and we see it right side up.
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